
Port Security of Access Layer Switches
Port Security is a layer 2 access control feature that allows network administrators to control which devices can connect to a specific switch port. It does this by restricting the MAC addresses allowed on that port and defining how the switch reacts to unauthorized devices. Let's consider the following example. Imagine an open office space with desks everywhere. What stops someone with access to the office from unplugging a device at an empty desk and plugging their rogue device into the wall jack, as shown in the diagram?Catalyst Integrated Security Features (CISF) includes private VLANs, port security, DHCP snooping, IPSource Guard, secure Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) detection, and dynamic ARP inspection. [pdf]FAQs about Port Security of Access Layer Switches
How to Configure Port Security
To configure port security we need to access the command prompt of switch. Click Switch and click CLI and press Enter Key.Port can be secure from i...
Switchport Port-Security Violation
We need to specify what action; it should take in security violation. Three possible modes are available:Protect: - This mode will only work with s...
Switchport Port Security Example
In our topology PC0 is connected with F0/1 port of switch. Enter following commands to secure F0/1 port.Following table explains above commands in...
Switchport Port Security Testing
In our topology we have one additional PC. Assume that, this is the cracker's PC. To gain unauthorized access in network he unplugged the Ethernet...

Optical splitters are for unidirectional optical transmission
Optical splitters are devices used in fiber optic networks to divide a single input signal into multiple output signals, allowing one source to serve multiple destinations. With the increasing demand for high-speed internet and data transmission, understanding how these devices function is crucial for both professionals and enthusiasts in the field. Conversely, it can also combine multiple signals into one. Unlike active devices (which require power), splitters operate without electricity, relying solely on the physics of. An optical splitter, also known as a beam splitter, fiber splitter, or fiber optic splitter, serves as a vital passive component in optical communication systems. [pdf]
Fiber optic transmission distance is
Because the effect of dispersion increases with the length of the fiber, a fiber transmission system is often characterized by its bandwidth–distance product, usually expressed in units of ·km. This value is a product of bandwidth and distance because there is a trade-off between the bandwidth of the signal and the distance over which it can be carried. For example, a common multi-mode fiber with a bandwidth–distance product of 500 MHz·km could carry a 500 MHz signal for 1 km or a 1000 MHz sig. [pdf]
Cable tray transmission of optical fiber
Cable tray is a raceway system designed to protect and route fiber optic patch cords, multi-fiber cable assemblies and intrafacility fiber cable to and from fiber splice enclosures, fiber distribution frames and fiber optic terminal devicesCable tray is a raceway system designed to protect and route fiber optic patch cords, multi-fiber cable assemblies and intrafacility fiber cable to and from fiber splice enclosures, fiber distribution frames and fiber optic terminal deviceseway system. Dedicated to digital data distribution, the fibre raceway cable tray is the ideal solution to ensure an optimal, optical fibre cabling and a highly efficient network frastructure. Cable trays. This report explains what grid cable trays and fiber optic raceways are, where people use them, and where things are heading with this technology. [pdf]